This short article posts the latest AMS 14 C schedules off thirteen horses prior to now allotted to the new Migration months, as well as the osteometric data and you may period of horses discovered into the Lithuanian cemeteries of your third–14th C Post, more 2 hundred people in total. The research show remedied the present chronology of burials, plus the osteometric investigation let a different analysis off if the ponies throughout the Migration period really are outstanding in dimensions when you look at the the latest context regarding Lithuanian ponies regarding 3rd so you can 14th C Offer. The newest abundant studies and additionally desired an assessment of your own growth of the size and style and period of new ponies into the Lithuania involving the third and you will 14th C Offer.

2.step 1. Zooarchaeological Data

Nearly eight hundred horse skeletal remains used in Lithuanian burial internet from the next–14th C Advertisement had been assessed ( Contour step one ); but not, due to poor preservation, only more than 2 hundred individuals were right for then dimensions and you may many years data. The fresh new burial internet had been divided into around three chronological communities. All in all, 21 people from six burial web sites was assigned for the Later Roman–post-Migration several months (3rd–7th C Offer); thirteen ponies out of this several months were really AMS 14 C-old. These were anyone selected on 87 Sr/ 86 Sr data, the outcome from which are typed into the an alternate book . To separate ranging from horses (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and mules, the latest methods demonstrated because of the Johnstone try adopted.

Location out of internet sites said on text: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.

Many of them, with the exception of 7 some body, was in fact based in the Marvele burial website in central Lithuania. Review of your own archaeological framework in addition to grave products allows in order to grow relationships of some of your burials on 12th C Advertising. For this reason, the newest certified stop of your Viking months (1066) has not been taken into consideration, both because of the approximate relationships ones burial web sites and you will by historic and you can archaeological perspective: zero significant break in the historical past away from Lithuania through to the institution of the county in the 13th C Ad sometimes appears.

Horses of around three burial internet sites dating back to the brand new thirteen–14th C Post have been assigned to this new medieval months. In this case, some of the burials might actually date toward 12th C Advertisement however they are difficult to differentiate on the later on ones. The brand new medieval pony classification and additionally included bones regarding ponies from a couple castles plus one town of the latest thirteen–14th C Advertising: twenty five metatarsals and you can metacarpals was indeed selected of Kernave gothic urban area, nine regarding the Vilnius Down castle, and 8 off Memelburg, the new castle of one’s Teutonic Acquisition, present-date Klaipeda. You will find included ponies throughout the payment web sites to render because mission a picture of gothic horses to, built not just toward individuals from average burial sites however, and additionally out-of contexts about the better public strata (Vilnius, Kernave) in addition to Order. In total, this new remains regarding 92 everyone was tested on gothic several months. In this look, skeletal stays of all the Lithuanian ponies recognized to this new writers out of 3rd–14th C Offer burial sites was checked.

2. Thing and techniques

Some of the horse skeletons had been improperly preserved and unsuitable to possess osteometric research, and so the number of individuals ranged dating sites for Pet singles regarding study of what their age is and height. The age of the newest ponies was estimated by the tooth eruption , don of the incisors, and the top of premolars and you will molars . Collection time of the epiphyses was also useful for age investigations. Withers top are estimated regarding long bones measurements with the corrected coefficients away from Kiesewalter [34,35]. Horses was indeed classified according to Brauner’s metacarpal and metatarsal slenderness list classification . Measurements based on von den Driesh have been made using an enthusiastic osteometric panel and you will an electronic digital caliper having an accuracy away from 0.01 cm. Horse skeletons had been sexed based on the presence away from the dog white teeth in men ponies more than 4–5 years of age. But not, in some instances, gender of your creature could not become computed because of lost skeleton. Enough time limbs measurements, sex, as well as the age of every person are given into the Tables S1–S4. To check to have advantages, we used a beneficial t-attempt. Assessed horses’ remains are stored in the brand new Zooarchaeological Repository from Vilnius College, Faculty of history. Pony out-of Varliskes was stored in Kernave Museum, and you can horse skeletons out-of Paduobe-Saltaliune III and you will Salakas is kept in Federal Art gallery off Lithuania.